Genocide The Rwandan Patriotic Front - 890 Words

The 1990 s was a grim time in history all across the globe, its epicentre being Rwanda. In April of 1994 the Rwandan President Habyarimana was shot down from a plane. In consequence, immediate war was struck and the goal of extermination of the Tutsi was commenced. This genocide was the result of conscious choice of the elite, therefore, president Habyarimana to promote hatred and fear to keep itself in power. Rwanda’s political elite blamed the entire Tutsi minority population for the country’s increasing social, economic, and political pressures. Tutsi civilians were also accused of supporting a Tutsi-dominated rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). Using hateful propaganda, reading out names of people that must be killed and articles on newspapers. Tutsi and people suspected of being Tutsi were killed in their homes and as they tried to flee at roadblocks set up across the country during the genocide. Leaving an unimaginable 800,000 people dead. Mothers and daughters raped, children, boys and men slaughtered with machetes (United Human rights coucil,2015). How did it get this far? What was the worlds reaction to this gruesome mass murder? Hindsight, hindsight was the reaction of everyone around the world; from political entities to international humanitarian organizations to individuals. By definition is the perception of the nature of an event after it has happened. Many claim not to have known what was going on in the African continent, however, PolicymakersShow MoreRelatedThe Rwanda Of The Rwandan Defence Force904 Words   |  4 Pageshistory, perpetrators, victims and bystanders with difficult answers on how to solve them. The post-genocide nation of Rwanda witnessed one of the most horrific events a nation could experience, genocide. However, it has rebuilt itself to become an example nation for transitional justice, political stability and economic development. Rwanda’s military capabilities within the institute of the Rw andan Defence Force (RDF) are well known for its organisation capability and effectiveness in compact. InRead More Roots of the Rwandan Genocide1739 Words   |  7 PagesOn April 6, 1994, Rwanda experienced a period of great turmoil as thousands of people fell victim to the horrors of the Rwandan genocide. The main targets of the genocide were Tutsis and Hutu moderates. Though the main cause of the genocide was a conflict between two ethnicities, the genocide was also fueled by political factors and social conditions. Rwanda is the smallest sub-Saharan country with a population of about 7 million inhabitants. Although the indigenous peoples of Rwanda are the TwaRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide : A Perspective Analysis Through Media1166 Words   |  5 PagesJordon Jones Genocides in Comparative Historical Perspective 01:090:292:01 Professor Douglas Greenberg Final Paper 6 December 2015 The Rwandan Genocide: A Perspective Analysis Through Media â€Å"The Tutsis are collaborators with the Belgian colonists. They stole our land. They whipped us. Now they have come back, these Tutsi rebels. They are murderers. They are cockroaches. Rwanda is our Hutu Land. We must squash the infestation. This is RTLM, Hutu Power Radio. Stay Alert. Watch your neighborsRead MoreAn Inside Look at Rwanda Essays1195 Words   |  5 PagesUganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The country is home to various cultures and languages such as Kinyarwanda (Bantu) and French. Although mostly recovered, the devastation of the 1994 genocide still plagues the country. This included the mass killings of Rwandans led by the political elite name Akazu. The Tutsi’s, one of the two major cultures in Rwanda, population was drastically affected by the horrific event. The demographics of Rwanda as of 2010 are very intriguingRead MoreRwanda s Current Government And Foreign Policy878 Words   |  4 Pages Rwandans experienced periods of exile, internal displacement and refugee status since the closing years of Rwanda’s colonial rule under Belgium. Starting in 1959 and up until what could still be argued as on-going is a section of the Rwandan population not being able to living in their ancestral homeland. There are two significant period of Rwandan exile in terms of Rwanda’s current government and foreign policy. The first was the period of 1959 to 1962 when an estimated one million, mostly TutsiRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide : 100 Days Of Mass Slaughter1357 Words   |  6 Pages The Rwandan Genocide: 100 Days of Mass Slaughter â€Å"Seldom in history has a once-dominant group suffered so terrible a reversal of fortune as the Tutsi of Rwanda†- Robin Hallet. The event that Robin Hallet is referring to is the Rwandan Genocide, the â€Å"genocidal mass slaughter† of the Tutsi (the minority group in Rwanda) and a few Hutu (the dominant group in Rwanda) by â€Å"members of the Hutu majority,† which resulted in at least 1 million Rwandan deaths. The Rwandan Genocide was indirectly causedRead MoreReforming Rwanda Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesPerhaps the most recognized event in Rwanda was the genocide of 1994. The issues leading up to the killings, the genocide itself, and the changes made after are all important to Rwanda’s future and its ability to reform. Rwanda’s Civil War began on October 2, 1990 and greatly contributed to the country’s decline into violence and mass murder. The war was between the government of the current president, Juvà ©nal Habyarimana and the Rwanda Patriotic Front(RPF). The war was allegedly ended on August 4Read MoreThe Rwandan Genocide Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Rwandan Genocide History has a funny way of repeating itself. After World War II, the United States and the rest of the international community promised to do all they could to prevent future genocides. However this was a promise they were unable to keep. In 1994 when Rwanda went through genocide the United States and U.N were absent, leaving the Tutsis to be brutally murdered by the Hutus. As a consequence 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed and dumped into mass graves. Once againRead MoreThe Genocide And The Holocaust Of Night By Elie Wiesel1458 Words   |  6 PagesMan loves to kill. In response to the question asked, man will continue to commit such atrocities as a genocide. Man will never learn from past mistakes or all of a sudden stop mass killings or genocides. Humans have always killed and they will continue to do it. Humans will not all of a sudden be pacifists and stop killing. This has happened with the Rwandan genocide and with the Holocaust in Night by Elie Wiesel. Man will not stop committing such atrocities and have a brighter future and theseRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide And The Genocide1637 Words   |  7 PagesWith over eight hundred thousand to one million deaths, the Rwandan genocide is undoubtedly one of the most sad and shocking examples of the lack of intervention by not only the US and the UN, but by other countries as well. The ongoing tensions between the Hutu, the largest population in Rwanda, and the Tutsi, the smaller and more elite population is what eventually lead to the Rwandan genocide. The killings began quickly after President Habyarimana s plane was shot down. After hundreds of thousands

In some countries such as MEDCs population is stabilizing due to low birth rates and low death rates Free Essays

In some countries such as MEDCs population is stabilizing due to low birth rates and low death rates. However, other countries, mostly in LEDCs, the population isn’t stabilizing and instead is increasing. Reasons for this are that people are now living longer due to better health care, while poor education and poor knowledge of birth control means that birth rates are increasing while death rates are decreasing leading to overpopulation. We will write a custom essay sample on In some countries such as MEDCs population is stabilizing due to low birth rates and low death rates or any similar topic only for you Order Now Governments have now begun to recognize the problems caused by population growth and have introduced anti-natalist policies aiming to reduce fertility. Countries suffering from overpopulation are India, Singapore, Nigeria, China and India. Here the governments have implied policies such as later marriages, birth spacing and inheritance laws. Also in India, if a man volunteers for a vasectomy he would receive a free transistor radio. However, perhaps the most famous policy of all is China’s ‘one child policy’. China is the third largest country in terms of areas – 9596960 km2. In terms of population it is the biggest nation with 1.2 billion people, who make up 21.5% of the world’s total population. The problems China faced were that only 7% of China is land area. While only 50% of this land is farmable and only 13% suitable for arable farming. This situation is then made worse by 94% of the Chinese population living in the badly overpopulated southeast of the country, which consists of 43% of land. While only 6% live in the northwest of the country, which consists of 57% of land. This has led to an imbalance between population and resources. Secondly in 1949, China was made a communist country. At this stage, China sought to maximise its population for military and strategic strength. By 1960 CBR had peaked at 45/1000. The sheer size of the Chinese population put increased demands on services such as food, housing, education and employment. In fact during the 1970s the government feared that further population increases would result in mass starvation by the end of the century. This triggered the government to enforce anti-natalist policies. Options were considered such as: Increase death rate – however not a legitimate government policy. Encourage out migration – too many Chinese for this to be successful. Import more resources – implications for the rest of the world, especially LEDCs. Therefore the only option was to reduce the birth rate, which led to the 1979 ‘one child policy’. This included: Compulsory abortion if a couple already had one child (if a couple managed to escape abortion and have more than one child then there were economic penalties). The introduction of ‘Granny police’ – who were older women who went round checking younger women weren’t pregnant. Compulsory sterilisation – the government would send in the army to gather men and sterilize them. Later marriages and the use of contraception were also encouraged. The one child policy found greatest success amongst the urban population – where it was more strictly enforced and accepted. Therefore in 1994 the government introduced the ‘new family plan’. This aimed to educate farmers, in rural areas, on the basis that they will naturally come to understand why fewer children means achieving prosperity sooner. The outcomes of the one child policy were that the Birth rate was reduced from 45/1000 to 22/1000. In this respect the policy has therefore been regarded as a success. Couples are wealthier due to economic improvements while they no longer fear the official penalties of increased housing, schooling and medical costs for larger families. However, there have also been a number of problems with the policy. Firstly, there is now an ageing population, which have a number of potential problems in itself. In the early 90s there were about 100 million Chinese people over 60 – which encountered for 9% of the population. By 2030 it is expected to have increased to 25% of the population. This is likely to lead to a limitation in the labour supply. While pensions and retirement benefits are few, and there has never been much state pension for the elderly. Other problems are that most Chinese families want a son. This has led to some female babies being allowed to die after birth through deliberate exposure, neglect or in some areas the feeding of poisonous berries. This leads to a gender imbalance. This could cause problems for China, as it is likely to lead to a considerable amount of unmarried men, causing social instability and a growing demand for prostitution. There is also the tendency for the child to become spoilt. This will be the only child a couple will ever have, therefore all their ambitions and money are channelled into the child’s education, well-being and comfort. However, in the course of time such a spoilt child could become the sole support for up to six aged people. In conclusion, without the one child policy china would almost certainly be chaos and an economic mess. Therefore although there are serious problems with the policy, the success of dramatically reducing the population outweighs the potential consequences that China now faces. However, it is not only China who have introduced dramatic anti -natalist policies to reduce the population. Indonesia attempted to even out its differences in population density between its inner and outer islands through a transmigration scheme. How to cite In some countries such as MEDCs population is stabilizing due to low birth rates and low death rates, Papers

Global Wine War 2009-New World Versus Old free essay sample

In the 1960s, 1970s or even 1980s, if you ask someone, which countries produce the best wine in the world? They would have said France, Italy or Spain. However, if you ask someone the same question nowadays, the answer would be different. The new wine industry players such as Australia, the United States and Chile are changing the global industry structure, leading the global industry trend, and challenging the traditional wine makers by introducing innovations at every stage of the value chain. This article analyzed the development of global wine industry from the old world to the new based on Case 2-1 Global Wine War 2009: New World Versus Old, and gave some advice to the both sides in the fierce battle according to the analysis. The Brilliant Old World Grape growing and winemaking are indispensable aspect in the progress of human civilization. After thousand-year development, innovations revolutionized the industry. As the industry developed, wine became increasingly important to the cultural and economic life of the producing countries. As the major European producing country which has a long winemaking history, France is a representative country of the old world of wine industry. The main factors determined the French to become the dominant competitors in the increasingly global wine industry for centuries include: Long history of grape growing and winemaking, long-standing wine culture and a prosperous economy formed an excellent development environment. Strict and recognized laws and regulations to control almost every aspect of winemaking to ensure the quality of wine and to help consumers identify their finest wines. The terroir, combination of soil, aspect, microclimate, rainfall and cultivation, gave the wine from each vineyard its unique character, to cater the demands of different tastes and to ensure the taste and the quality of wine. And above factors are also the competitive advantages of the countries of Old World supporting their exports. In addition, with the innovations of wine storage and delivery technologies, greater wine stability and longevity, distribution to distant markets and bottle aging of good vintages is also helped countries of Old World to expand production and export to the global market. In spite of the size and reputation of the wine production of Old World countries made themselves the dominant competitors in the increasingly global wine industry for centuries, they constrained by their wine-making traditions, restrictive industry regulations and complex national and European Community legislation, New World is catching up with them tightly, and a fierce battle has been fighting between Old World and New World. The Emerging New World Under the influence of immigrants from the Old World wine countries, wine industries in Argentina, Chile and South Africa have developed rapidly since 18th century. And in the postwar era, demand for wine increased rapidly in the United States, Australia and other New World producers, this growth resulted in a boom in domestic demand that proved a boost for the young New World wine industry. Furthermore, climate and soil allowed grape growing to flourish in the New World, the consumption of wine in these countries varied widely. Innovations and Broken Traditions New World producers broke many grape growing and winemaking traditions, including: They experimented with grape growing and winemaking technology, such as drip irrigation and specialized equipment used in vineyards, to expand into marginal land, reduce vintage variability and reduce labor costs. Innovation of viniculture such as night harvesting, trellis systems, fertilizers and pruning methods pursued to increase yield and grape flavor. Large estates usually had on-site labs to provide analysis helpful in making growing and harvest decisions. New World wine makers developed processes that allowed fermentation and aging to occur in huge, computer-controlled, stainless steel tanks rather than in traditional oak barrels. The economic impact of these innovations largely decreased the production costs of the New World comparing with the Old. Changed Marketing Model In addition to the innovations of grape growing and winemaking, New World also innovated in packaging and marketing. They developed collapsible plastic bag and replaced cork stoppers with screw caps to reduce shipping costs, to save storage space and to avoid the defect of corks. They learned the value of differentiating their products and making them more appealing to palates unaccustomed to wine. These experiments provided valuable lessons in branding and marketing. Some experienced marketers such as Coca-Cola, Nestle, Pillsbury and Seagram entered the wine industry and left behind the consumer focused attitudes and the sophisticated marketing skills. The large New World companies typically controlled the full value chain, extracting margins at every level and retaining bargaining power with increasingly concentrated retailers. These changes brought more profits, more recognition of consumers, more market share and more marketing experience to New World companies. Global Competition between New World and Old With the intensifying competition between New World and Old, significant changes happened during the last quarter of the 20th century made the competition increasingly fierce. Maturing Global Markets and Changing Global Demand Patterns A declining demand in worldwide consumption occurred from 1970 to 1990, especially in the highest-consumption countries, such as France and Italy, and countries with drinking cultures, such as Spain. Key causes of the decline were a younger generation’s different drinking preferences, and older generation’s concern about health issues, and stricter drunk-driving penalties. At the same time, demand was growing in many wine-importing countries, including the U. K. and some Asian countries such as China, Japan and South Korea, emerging markets arose under these growing demands. This shift in market demand escalated the competition for export sales into a global wine war. Following the development of economy, demand for higher-quality wines became a worldwide trend in wine industry. Meanwhile, with the shift to quality, a greater fashion element began to influence demand, and the demand for different grape varieties also moved with fashion. As these various demand trends continued, the rankings of the world’s top wine companies underwent radical change. Old World The radical shifts in demand proved extremely challenging to Old World producers. Firstly, there was often no new land available to plant, particularly in controlled AOC regions. Secondly, the regulations prescribing permitted grape varieties and winemaking techniques that greatly limited their flexibility. Thirdly, the biggest problem was that declining demand at home and a loss of share in export markets had caused a structural wine surplus. New World In spite of the swings in fashion posed a problem for growers, New World wine regions had the capacity and the regulatory freedom to plant new varieties in new vineyards and could respond. Consequently, New World companies took nine slots in a list of the world’s top 15 wine companies. Increasing Distribution Power of New World The significant changes of demand trends in global wine markets had great impact on the distribution chain of wine industry. Old World Facing the changes of demand trends, most Old World producers were still isolated from fast-changing consumer tastes and market trends. And they didn’t have sufficient understanding of the rapidly concentrating retail channels. New World Because most large New World wine companies controlled their distribution chain from the vineyard to the retailer, they were able to sense changes in consumer preferences and respond to shifts in distribution channels. Furthermore, the New World companies were able to capture even more economic advantage by him and reducing handling stages, holding less inventory, and capturing the intermediaries’ markup. Size also gave New World companies bargaining power in the sophisticated negotiations that a concentrated retail sector now demanded. Advantages of Positioning and Branding Appropriate positioning and recognized brand are the key factors for wine producers to appeal to consumers and to increase their market share. Old World While a handful of icon brands prospered at the top of the market based on image and quality, the fragmentation of Old World vineyards forced most to compete at the low end on price. When some chose to take on the New World brands under the umbrella of the AOC’s reputation, it soon became clear that they lacked the skills or resources to succeed in the last growth middle market. Furthermore, few European wine companies had the volume to support a branding strategy. Historically, only the handful of Old World producers whose wines achieved icon status were recognized brands, and these brands appealed to the elite, who represented only a tiny fraction of the global market. New World New World producers had made branding a routine part of wine marketing. They built their marketing expertise in their home markets, learned how to respond to consumer preferences for the simpler. They then took those wines and the marketing and branding skills they had developed at home into the export markets. By 2007, New World companies claimed 14 of the world’s top 20 wine brands. Response of Old World Facing the declined demand of consumers and increased market share of New World in global market, Old World indeed did something to respond to the trends. The EU’s initial response to the structural wine surplus was to pay farmers to uproot their vineyards. A parallel â€Å"crisis distillation program† provided for the EU to purchase surplus wine for distillation into industrial alcohol. After a reform proposal in 2006, EU agricultural policy changes shifted the focus from reducing oversupply to subsidizing marketing and promotion, European wines began growing their market share in the U. S. French wines extended their penetration into the super premium segment. France beat all other countries in terms of import value. Its price per bottle, at 77% above the average of all imports, reflected its strong position in the luxury segment. The growth in Italian imports was occurring mostly in the popular priced range that was their historic strength. Challenges to New World In spite of the success achieved in the competition with Old World, New World wine companies were also facing challenges. Problems of global oversupply were made worse by emerging signs of saturation in several major export markets. There was also some evidence that New World wines were developing image problems born of their willingness to lower prices aggressively in an era of excess supply. Advice to Both Sides Facing the challenges of changed demand, restrictive industry regulations, increasing costs and competitors, how to survive from the fierce battle? Regardless of government, wine industry association or wine producers should think over it. Advice to the U. S. (Secretary of Agriculture, Major Wine Industry Association, and Wine Producers) The United States market had grown faster than any other major wine market. Therefore, the U. S. should take actions to defend the domestic market. On the other hand, it should also increase the export value. Advice to the U. S. Secretary of Agriculture Since the extremely high land costs and the increasing labor costs, government should give producers subsidies or taxes exemption to subsidize them and to reduce the costs. Advice to the Major Wine Industry Association The wine industry association should improve the industry regulation to oversee and control the quality of wine consistently, establish clear classifications of variety of wines to instruct consumers’ purchase. Advice to the Wine Producers American producers should not only focus on their large, high priced domestic market, but also the prevailing global price/quality ratio. In addition, due to the unavailable land and increasing labor costs, they should develop advanced techniques to improve the yield and the efficiency of production. Advice to Australia (Secretary of Agriculture, Major Wine Industry Association, and Wine Producers) Advice to the Australian Secretary of Agriculture The government should support domestic brands which are targeted in separated consumer group, and these actions should cover accessible premium brand wines and promote ease of enjoyment. In addition, the government should develop the association between Australian regions and wine varieties or styles. Also, the government should support Australia’s high profile aspirational wines and provide an umbrella of world-class reputation. Advice to the Major Wine Industry Association The wine industry association should analyze the accessibility and consumers understanding, manage the best practice of winemaking and viticulture relative to price point, site and varietal expression, and provide instructions to the produces. Advice to the Wine Producers Australian wine was also facing price and image problems, its bumper crops of 2004-2006 had led Australian producers to aggressively reduce prices in all export markets. While this led to a boom in export sales, it also established an image of Australian wines as â€Å"cheap and cheerful†. Furthermore, Australian wine could not compete long-term in a low-cost battle. Consequently, the export business should focus on full-bodied, quality wines that can raise its image. Natural and economic factors caused an increase in production cost, so the producers should improve their efficiency further to reduce the production costs despite their achieved high efficiency of production. Advice to France (Secretary of Agriculture, Major Wine Industry Association, and Wine Producers) Advice to the French Secretary of Agriculture The government should offer direct support to wineries in financial difficulty, and provide funds to relaunch French wines into the world market. Furthermore, a new national wine committee should be built to work on simplifying the complex classification systems. And the government should provide more funds to distill surplus wine into industrial alcohol. Advice to the Major Wine Industry Association Since the value of AOC was weakened not only by its complexity, but also by the erosion of consumers’ confidence in the classification scheme as an assurance of quality, the wine industry association should simplify the restrictive industry regulations and complex national legislation. Advice to the Wine Producers Since the demand of consumers has changed significantly, the producers should have sufficient understanding of the fast-changing consumer tastes, market trends and the rapidly concentrating retail channels. In addition, they should control their distribution chain to capture more economic advantage. Furthermore, since there are only handful of icon brands prospered at the top of the market based on image and quality, the producers should support a branding strategy to bring more recognized brands to the global markets to improve the image and reputation. A fierce battle has been fighting between Old World and New World following the demand of consumers and market trend, each side is trying its best to produce wines with high quality and various tastes to expand market share and to increase sales. No matter which side will be the winner, consumers would be the ultimate beneficiary.

The Red Balloon Directed by Albert Lamorisse Essay Example

The Red Balloon Directed by Albert Lamorisse Essay Building a strong foundation for any relationship is always key to having a great one. Albert Lamorisse’s The Red Balloon tells the story of a young boy named Pascal who finds friendship in an uncharacteristic object. This thirty-four-minute French film was written, produced, and directed by Lamorisse and takes place in Paris, France. The movie stars Lamorisse’s son roaming the neutral and earthy tone streets post WWII, with the exception of a bright red balloon which is shunned by some and envied by others. Through the use of character, setting, and allegory, Lamorisse displays the concepts of friendship, loyalty, and ostracism in his film The Red Balloon. As soon as the opening scene begins, we are immediately introduced to the main character Pascal, who takes notice of a bright scarlet balloon that is tied to a post. Feeding into his curiosity, he climbs up the post and unties the balloon to take it with him to school. When Pascal tries getting on the trolley to get to school, the driver, as well as everyone else on the trolley, will not let him get on. Realizing he starts to get shunned upon for carrying the balloon, it draws Pascal to have a stronger connection with the red balloon. Through this use of character, Lamorisse conveys the beginnings of friendship between the young boy and his red balloon. Another example of friendship is when Pascal is walking home from school and it is raining, he uses strangers umbrellas to not only cover himself from the rain, but he also covers the scarlet balloon as well. Once this scene was shown it was clear that Pascal had established a connection with the balloon. This interaction between the two further solidifies Lamorisse’s concept friendship as it becomes clear that neither of them plan on being separated, and Pascal is going to take care of the scarlet balloon no matter what obstacles they are going to go through. We will write a custom essay sample on The Red Balloon Directed by Albert Lamorisse specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Red Balloon Directed by Albert Lamorisse specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Red Balloon Directed by Albert Lamorisse specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Throughout the movie, it becomes obvious that there is an everlast

The Complete Guide to AP Environmental Science FRQs

The Complete Guide to AP Environmental Science FRQs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips AP Environmental Science is one of the most popular AP classes, but it has the lowest average score among test takers. In fact, more than half of students who take the exam don’t pass it.Oftentimes, the hardest part of the exam is the free-response section which students struggle with because they aren’t sure what to expect or what information graders are looking for.Fortunately, this guide can help. I’ll go over each type of AP Environmental Science FRQ, give sample problems and explanations, and end with tips you should follow in order to get your best score. What’s the Format of the AP Environmental Science Free-Response Section? On the day of the AP exam, your test will have two sections. First, you will have 90 minutes to answer 100 multiple-choice questions, then you’ll move onto the free-response section. Here's the format of the free-response section: 90 minutes total No calculator allowed Includes four questions: 1 document-based question The document-based question will give you a document or an excerpt from a document and ask you questions based on information it contains. The document can be a newspaper article, brochure, or something similar. 1 data set question This question will include data you must analyze and interpret. The data may be in a table, graph, chart, or stated within the question. Parts of the question will require calculations; parts will not. 2 synthesis and evaluation questions These are similar to the document-based question, except they won’t include outside documents. They sometimes include graphs or tables, however, you won’t be expected to do calculations for these types of questions. The free-response section is worth a total of 40% of your score. Most questions are worth 9-11 points, but each question is weighted equally, so each of the four questions will be worth 10% of your final score. In the free-responsesection, you’re expected to show reasoning and analytical skills, as well as the ability to synthesize information from multiple sources into coherent essays. AP Environmental Science FRQExamples Below are each of the three types of free-response questions you’ll see on the AP exam. For each question, I’ll go through the answer step-by-step so you can see how points are earned. Document-Based Question You’ll know the document-based question because it is typically the first question asked and it’ll have that â€Å"torn piece of paper† graphic you see above.Fortunately, compared to many other AP tests, the documents on AP Enviro exams tend to be quite short and there’s only one, so you should be able to read through it quickly.In this case, it looks like the document is part of an article from the Fremont Examiner that was printed in May 2013. Part A: Part A is worth four points: You’ll earn a point for each of the two activities you list and a point for each of the two explanations you give on how the activity alters sediment flow. In order to earn the full four points, the two activities must be reasonable human activities that can alter natural sediment flow, and your explanations must accurately explain how each activity would change the flow of sediment. There are a lot of different answers you could put; here’s a sample answer: Activity 1: Building Dams. Effect on flow of sediments: Building dams could block the flow of sediments from upstream, which would then decrease the sediment downstream of the dam and potentially starve the coast of nutrients. Building dams can also prevent flooding that would allow sediment to be deposited on the floodplain as well as decrease increase flow velocity which can increase erosion downstream. Activity 2: Water Extraction. Effect on flow of sediments: Overuse or over pumping of water can reduce river flows, which in turn decreases the sediment load to the Gulf. Note that you don’t have to write complete paragraphs for every question. It’s enough to clearly label the different parts of your answer and give a thorough explanation. Part B: Part B is worth two points, one point for each description. (Be aware that they’re asking for ecological impacts, not economic impacts). A potential answer could be: 1. Loss of coastal habitats that certain plant and animal species need to survive 2. Increased flooding of coastal wetlands due to the loss of beaches and barrier islands For this answer, you don’t even need to give complete sentences. For the free-response section, don’t add a lot of fluff to your answers thinking it’ll raise your score. Graders are looking for specific points, and the easier you make it to find your answers, the easier they’ll be able to award you points. Part C: Part C has three different parts within it; let’s break them down one by one. (i)This part is worth two points, and you get them just by listing two environmental impacts fertilizer has on the Gulf of Mexico’s marine ecosystem.Potential answer: Increased algae growth and lower dissolved oxygen (ii)This is almost the same as the above question, except now you’re listing economic instead of environmental impacts.Potential answer: decreased property values and increased seafood prices due to lower seafood supply. (iii)For the final part of this question, worth one point, you have to give a strategy to reduce the flow of nutrients into the Mississippi River (besides reducing fertilizer).Potential answer: Add green roofs to reduce runoff. As you’ve probably noticed, document-based questions are pretty straightforward and can usually be answered in a few words or a sentence or two. The key is to pay attention to exactly what the question is asking, going into enough depth to completely answer the question, and making it easy for graders to find each of your answers to the different parts of the question. Make it easy for the graders to find your answers. Data Set Question This is when you'll need to do some calculations. As a reminder, no calculator is allowed on this exam. The good news is that this means that the calculations you’ll need to complete will likely be much simpler than those of other AP science exams. Typically, you’ll only need to complete simple algebraic expressions to solve the problem. Part A: For the first part of this question, worth two points, you don’t need to do any calculations; you just need to list two pollutants that fit the description in the question. Examples: fertilizers, animal feces, pesticides, gasoline, road salts, etc. Part B: Here’s where you’ll complete your first calculation. You can earn one point for correctly setting up the question (so be sure to show your work!) and one point for the correct answer. This is a basic volume question. To answer it, you’ll need to know that the volume of a rectangular solid (which is roughly the shape of most parking lots) is length * width * height. From the question, we know that length= 200m and width=100m, and since we’re calculating based on a 5cm rainfall, width = 5cm. However, these measurements don’t all have the same unit! Before we calculate volume, we have to convert 5cm to meters. 5cm * (1m/100cm)= 0.05m Since there are 100 cm in a meter, this is a pretty simple calculation, but don’t be tempted to skip it and just writedown .05m. Be sure to show your work! If you don’t, you won’t get the maximum number of points. Now that we have all the pieces of info we need, with the correct units, we can plug those numbers into the volume equation: V= 200m * 100m * .05m = $\1000m^{3}$ Part C: You’ll need to complete another volume calculation for this part. This question wants to know the volume of runoff for the entire community, not just the parking lot. As in Part B, this question is also worth two points, one for correctly setting up the question and one for giving the correct answer. We’ll still use our handy V=lwh equation to find the volume of a rectangular solid. We know that the area of Fremont (so length * width) is $\10km^{2}$ , which we’ll need to convert to $\m^{2}$ $\10km^{2}$ * ($\1,000,000m^{2}$/1 $\km^{2}$) = $\10,000,000m^{2}$ We know that height is still .05m, based on part B, so now we can plug our numbers into the volume equation. V = $\10,000,000m^{2}$ * .05m = $\500,000m^{3}$ But, we’re not done yet! Remember, only 20% is covered by impervious surfaces, which we are told to assume are the only areas that generate runoff.So, first, we have to figure out the area of impervious surfaces in Fremont. This just involves finding 20% of Fremont’s total volume: $\500,000m^{3}$ * 0.2= $\100,000m^{3}$ Part D: Part D is worth one point, and, to get that point, you have to give the correct answer with your work shown.This is another question about volumes, but you don’t need to calculate any volumes this time, you just have to do some simple addition and subtraction. Since the treatment plant can treat up to $\10,000m^{3}$ of sewage and storm water a day, and it receives $\5,000m^{3}$ of sewage daily, the runoff that bypasses the plant is the amount of total runoff plus the $\5,000m^{3}$ of regular sewage minus the $\10,000m^{3}$ that would get treated. Runoff that bypasses the plant = Total runoff + $\5,000m^{3}$ - $\10,000m^{3}$ We calculated runoff from the parking lot and the community in part c ($\100,000m^{3}$), so we just need to plug that value in. Runoff that bypasses the plant = $\100,000m^{3}$ + $\5,000m^{3}$ - $\10,000m^{3}$ = $\95,000m^{3}$ Part E: Possible answers: Create wetlands to absorb storm water Install rain barrels and cisterns to collect storm water Install green roofs or rooftop gardens to use storm water Part F: To earn part F’s one point, you must give an environmental problem that occurs when there are extensive paved areas. Possible answers: Erosion caused by flooding or excess runoff Habitat destruction caused by the removal of vegetation Hopefully this sewer is better-prepared for storm water than Fremont's sewer system is. Synthesis and Evaluation Question As a reminder, there are two synthesis and evaluation questions on each AP exam. Here's an example of one: Part A: You can earn up to two points, one for each characteristic. Possible answers:Complex food webs, greater genetic diversity, large number of different species Part B: Part B is worth four points, one point for each activity you provide (up to two) and one point for correctly explaining how each activity results in a loss of biodiversity. Note that you’ll have to use your answers forthis part to come up with your answer for part C, so you may want to take that into account when you’re thinking about which activities to list. This is part of the reason why skimming through the entire question before you begin answering can be very helpful! Possible answers: Activity 1: Logging/deforestation. Explanation: Reduces habitat for many species and causes habitat fragmentation. Activity 2: Introduction of invasive species. Explanation: Displaces native species. Part C: Here you can earn two points, one for each reasonable solution you give for the activities you listed in part b. Possible answers: Activity 1: Logging/deforestation. Solution: Replant trees; engage in selective cutting. Activity 2: Introduction of invasive species. Solution: Create checkpoints for agricultural inspections; create stricter laws on the import of exotic species. Part D: To earn the one point for part D, you need to correctly describe a naturally occurring factor that could lead to a loss of biodiversity. Possible answers: Wildfires can wipe out small populations Hurricanes/tsunamis can destroy estuaries and coastal ecosystems Droughts can cause some species to lose their food sources Part E: Part E is worth two points, one for each ecological benefit you list. Possible answers: Greater control of pest species Water filtration by intact ecosystems More source material for evolution Here's a pest you'd probably like to control. Tips for Solving AP Enviro Free-Response Questions The AP Environmental Science FRQs often trip students up, and, for most questions, the average score is 30-40%. Below are some tips you should keep in mind while studying as well as when you’re taking the test to help you improve your chances of scoring well on this section. 1. Figure OutHow Long You Want to Spend on Each Question Before You Begin You will have 90 minutes to complete the entire free-response section, which gives you about 22 minutes per question.However, you don’t need to spend exactly the same amount of time on each question. In fact, you can divide your time between the four essays any way you want. Some people spend longer on the data set question due to the calculations involved, while others find that the quickest question and take longer to answer questions that require complete sentences or paragraphs.You may spend 15 minutes on one question and close to a half-hour on another. The best way to learn which questions take you longer is to complete a lot of practice problems, which we’ll discuss in the next section. Once you’re comfortable with each type of free-response question, you can go into exam day knowing about how long you want to spend on each question. Also, you absolutely don’t have to answer the questions in order. When you start the section, give them a quick look-through and decide which one you’d like to answer first. A lot of people choose to start with the question they are most confident with so that they’ll (hopefully) have extra time at the end for questions they find trickier. 2. Be Comfortable Solving Equations Without a Calculator AP Environmental Science is the only AP science exam where you cannot use a calculator for the free-response section, which includes the data set question.As you saw above, none of the calculations you’ll need to do are particularly tricky, but if you’re slow at mental math, you could waste a lot of time you’ll need to complete the three other questions in this section. Once again, the best way to prepare for this is to practice. Complete plenty of data set practice problems without a calculator so that you get used to quickly doing math by hand.You don’t want all your hand-earned knowledge to be wasted come test day when you find yourself struggling to solve equations. 3. Keep Your Units Straight My final tip also applies primarily to the data set question. As you saw in the sampleproblem, questions often includemultiple types of units. The sample problem had centimeters, meters, and kilometers.Making a careless error and reading â€Å"5cm† as â€Å"5m† will cost you points on the exam. When you take the test, be sure to pay attention to every unit that you see. Circle or underline the units if you have to in order to make them stand out.Also, you should be a pro at converting between units. You don’t want to waste time trying to remember how many meters are in a kilometer; it should be something you know off the top of your head. Now, even after you’ve become a unit expert, don’t forget to show your work when you convert from one unit to the next. Even if the process of going from meters to kilometers seems ridiculously obvious to you and doesn’t seem like it warrants being written out, do it anyway! Typically, half the points you earn on calculation problems are from showing your work, so don’t let a bit of laziness lower your score. How to Practice Free-Response Questions After reading this far, you now know all the basics of the AP Environmental Science free-response section.However, the way to really conquer the test and get a high score is to become an expert! How can you do that? The best way is to complete lots of practice problems. On their website, the College Board has links to all the previously given free-response questions for exams from 1999-2015.That means you have dozens of official free-response questions to look over and practice.Because there are so many free-response problems, you can begin completing practice problems a few months into your class (say around November) and continuing up until the AP exam. At the beginning of the year, when you’re still learning a lot of the course material, you can read through the questions to find the ones that focus on topics you’ve already covered.In order to get the most of these practice problems, use a timer and give yourself the same timing limitations the real exam will have. Also, no calculator! Conclusion The free-response section of the AP Environmental Science exam is often challenging for students, but becoming familiar with it can go a long way to helping you get a higher score. The free-response section contains four questions: 1 document-based question 1 data set question 2 synthesis and evaluation questions You’ll have 90 minutes to complete this section, and it’s worth 40% of your total score. Also, no calculators are allowed. To maximize your chances of doing well keep these three tips in mind: Figure out how long to spend on each question before you begin Be comfortable solving equations without a calculator Keep your units straight Also, remember to complete lots of practice problems so you’ll feel confident and prepared on the day of the exam. What's Next? Want some more practice materials for AP Enviro? We've got 'em! Check out our guide with links to every AP Environmental Science practice test and quiz available online (coming soon). Now you know what the free-response section will be like, but how do you review for AP Enviro? Our guide walks you through each step of creating a study plan that will pinpoint what you need to study. Wondering when you should start studying for AP Enviro and other AP exams?In our guide, we help you figure out exactly when you need to start cracking open those review books. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

American Education Is Better Than Chinese

Online Education Online education has a lot of benefits to get a credit or a degree for the college students. There is a lot of uniqueness of online education, which are flexibility of timing and providing a comfortable environment and so on. Most of college students are working (Kingkade, 2013). It means that their time is pretty much limited, so the flexible timing online classes are really helpful to progress their education (Open Education Database, 2012). And also online education might give†¦ models which are Chinese education and American education. Some people have the same experience around me are often used to compare these two educational models. Then I am prepared to express my views from my personal experience. In china, many people think that American education is more developed than Chinese Education, because American education is more freedom and more emphasis on integrated education. Although these are the advantages of American Education, Chinese education still has unique†¦ Reading this book was an enriching experience. I had initially thought that the West was generally better than the East because westerners would have learned from prior experiences, such as the Revolutionary War, the Civil War, and the slavery. Prior to reading this book, I was infused with the idea that westward expansion was one of the greatest occurrences in America’s history. After finishing this book, however, I realized that although the West significantly contributed to America’s history,†¦ helps us decide what is important and what is not, what we have time for and what we do not. However, having too much order can lead to too much focus on planning rather than on the experience. There is one thing everyone has to have order in their lives to achieve: the American Dream. The American Dream of living fuller and better than before can only be achieved through three parts: reaching financial stability, maintaining healthy relationships, and having financial mobility. Steve Jobs had some of†¦ desegregated Chinese public schools, and reassigned students to other schools. At the time, Asian parents protested the move, because in the Asian schools, students could learn about their cultural heritage. The early 70s built on the political gains from the 60s with the election of Norman Minetta as mayor of San Jose, California, and Marion Lacadia Obera became the first Filipina American to be appointed judge to the Los Angeles bench. In 1974, March Fong Eu became the first Asian American woman ever†¦ I am a student who comes from China, so I observed Chinese education and American education. During this time, I found the differences and similarities between Chinese and American college are how the relationship between students and instructors determines the classroom environment, exam, tuition and the activities in our spare time. The relationship between students and instructors determines the classroom environment. In China, teaching in the classroom is the most respected career. Students†¦ Taking Good Action in Different Societies Obviously, I am more of a Chinese than an American, but since I spent most of my past five years in a high school in Alabama, I understand a lot more about Alabaman society than about Chinese society. Therefore, it is no surprise that every time, when I return to Shenzhen, China, for summer holiday, I will be surprised by almost everything. I believe this is due to both the rapid development of this young city and of myself toward maturity, which enables†¦ Today, education is an essential part of life. Education is seen by many cultures as the single most influential factor to success. The country with the largest population in the world, China, has a culture that sees the great importance of education. Many Chinese families decide that the best way to get education for their children is to pack up and move to a new country, like the United States. The availability of education to all in America is one of the main allures to Chinese immigrants. The†¦ believe that the development of education is very fast. Moreover, education became the most important thing people must get, if they want to get a job opportunity in this globalization era. However, what is the meaning of education? It is â€Å"the knowledge or skill obtained or developed by a learning process† (The Free Dictionary, 2014). People can get an education wherever and whenever they are such as family or school education. As we know, the highest level of education in the school followed by people†¦ For decades now people have been saying that the U.S. education isn’t good enough; it is continuing to fall lower and lower, but who is blaming the education system, the government, to take away from the â€Å"bigger picture†. American government needs to stop blaming one group of people, and hold everyone in America at fault for what is happening in the global market; it unmotivates the people by blaming the workers it makes them want to work less, the same goes for students if a teacher fails to hold†¦

Neurologic System Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Neurologic System - Case Study Example on leading to the paralysis, diminution in respiratory rate, elevation in systolic blood pressure, increase in pulse pressure, elevation of body temperature, inaudible speech and restiveness, convulsions and abnormal posturing. Cerebrovascular auto-regulation is the ability of brain to keep the flow of cerebral blood constant even though there are alterations in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). The mechanism is disrupted due to any kind of injury in the head, from mild to severe. Unfavourable outcome may result when head injury is followed by poor auto-regulation, indicating that the mechanism protects the brain against perfusion pressure-related secondary insults. It is therefore auto-regulation is determined in patients with traumatic brain injury. Auto-regulation is determined by assessing CBF, measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD) used for static and dynamic measurement of auto-regulation, other methods encompass cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2), waveform analysis, arterio-jugular oxygen content difference (AJDO2) (Steiner, 2003). The oculovestibular reflex is tested by caloric stimulation using irrigation with ice water. In normal subjects jerk nystagmus is elicited for about 2-3 minutes with slow component towards the irrigated ear. In unconscious patients with intact brainstem, the fast component of nystagmus disappears so that eyes are tonically deviate towards irrigated side for 2-3 minutes before returning to their original position. With impaired brainstem function the response becomes perverted and finally disappears. In metabolic coma, oculocephalic and oculovestibular reflex responses are preserved at least initially. White matter- composed of Myelinated nerve fibers. In these nerve fibers, the speed of action potential is very high. These neurons convey the action potential from sensory receptor to CNS (sensory neuron) or from CNS to effector organ (Motor

Lack of Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lack of Control - Essay Example Faulkner, as usual, plays with his narrative style to reveal the story of a woman representing the victimized generation in South America after the civil war. This paper looks at how lack of control on the part of these characters led to their tragedy, and also tries to see how they could have avoided their misfortunes. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is full of irony. This one hour story is capable of revealing events stretching to many years. Mrs. Mallard is a heart patient. Richard, her husband’s friend, brings the news of Mr. Mallard’s death, but he and Josephine, her sister, hesitate to reveal the tragic news, thinking that Louise’s weak heart may not be capable of receiving such shocking news. When it is finally revealed, Mrs. Mallard shuts herself in a room and she communicates herself only with nature outside. It is from this correspondence with nature that the readers have to surmise what happened in her married life. Mrs. Mallard at last feels â€Å"free, free, free†, but Brently, her husband, returns and at the sight of him she dies. Louise is a victim of the male dominated society. There was nothing which she could control in her life to achieve happiness. â€Å"THE thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge†, says the narrator (Poe). How the revenge is carried out is the actual story. Poe does not reveal the injuries. The sense of urgency to be avenged is all that he indicates at the beginning of the story. The drunken Fortunato is led through a series of chambers beneath Montresor’s palazzo. â€Å"Its walls had been lined with human remains, piled to the vault overhead, in the fashion of the great catacombs of Paris† (Poe). He is then tied to a wall and a new wall is plastered on him, thus burying him alive. Fortunao could have controlled himself, but no man can anticipate such cruel revenge. The chronology of the events given in the story, â€Å"A

ICT and Society Essay Example for Free

ICT and Society Essay My mobile phone is a Nokia 6020. I got it a year ago, for my birthday. It is on a pay as you go tariff, and I have to pay it all my self. I have had to get myself a paper-round to contribute towards some of the costs. I use it to make phone calls, but mainly to text, and take pictures, with the camera. I often use the video camera to make low quality videos. I quite like the look of my phone but it is getting slightly old now. It is still a very good, basic phone however I think that the memory is much too small. It can acess the internet; but I dont use that mainly because of the cost. Describe how you use the ICT technology. My phone is mostly used in the social category because I use it most to communicate with others. However, it can also come under the personal category because I use it to entertain myself by playing games on it among other things. Because I have to pay for it myself I tend not to spend as much as my friends, whos parents pay for it. I am probably more conscious about the cost than them too. I am not someone who relies on it completely, I have lost it for a whole week before, without even realising. Saying this I do tend to text friends who dont live near me. This way I can keep in touch with them. I would like to text them more but a phone is quite expensive to run and I would rather spread out my remaining money on other things. I also use my mobile to arrange outings with my school friends during the holidays or weekends. I like to text them because it is quick and easy. I dont really use any kind of predictive text when I write text messages. This is because I dont really like it that much. The avantages of it is that it writes texts quicker with less movement of fingers. However it doesnt have text talk words in the program, like 2moro so therefore the text is longer and you cant fit so much in the text. I find having a camera on the phone very useful too. Like most people I can take a picture any time, any where. This means I can caputure really cool pictures. I can send the good pictures to people via multimedia messages. If Im on holiday they can see what Im doing and generally keep in touch. Another thing which makes my phone more personal is the fact that I can change the background and the order of the lists in menu. I like to do this but it is quite complicated to do. I also use my phone for entertainment, I play games when I am bored like on the train. Although the games are not that advanced, they keep me entertained. I use the calculator appliance a bit but I cant use it in school because the school has banned mobiles. I often use the calander. The calander, if set, will remind me of peoples birthdays a week or so before. However it does take a while to set and add information. My phone also has an alarm, which I use when I am camping or sleeping in a hotel. I use most of t he things that are on my phone and usually they work well. What are the advantages of using the ICT technology. One of the things which I find most useful about having a mobile phone, is having so many things on one device. It has endless uses all in one tiny object. It saves people carrying around lots of different devices each with one use. The other thing which I find most useful about having a mobile is that it gives me freedom. This is so important. My parents will let me go out and know that I can phone them at any time. Theyll say well, as long as you have got your mobile with you. For my parents, it gives them a slight chance to relax. My parents also know that they can log onto a website and track my phone, this is an advantage for them. Say, should the worst happen, I was hurt and got rushed to hospital. The paramedics could look at my phone and find mum in my contacts and immediately let her know. Another reason for having a phone with lots of things on it, is money. It could actually save money, not having to buy a digital camera, ect. What are the disadvantages, if any, of the ICT technology. There were several studies recently that warned of a possible health risk to teens who use their phone a lot. It was worried about the waves that a phone uses damaging heavy users. Now I dont use my phone that much but I dont exactly like the thought. Nothing has been proved yet but, then again, nothing has been not proved. So at the moment I am just cautious. For me, the fact that my parents can track my phone is generally a bad thing. I dont want my parents to know exactly where I am all the time, theyve got to learn to let go a little. But if I got into trouble I think that I would be really glad so as long as they only use it when they are really worried its OK. The fact that it costs quite a lot to run a phone also is a bad thing. Handsets cost a lot to buy, the better and more features it has, the more expensive the price. Packages where users are lured into by the promise of free weekend texts or 100 free picture messages are often not right for the customers. Most people end up paying a set amount per month, say à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20. Thats fine if they would use à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 credit on pay as you go tariff but most wont. They dont realise that theyd get a better deal if they went onto another tariff. I think this is how phone companies make all their money. Bullying is another major problem. More and more, younger and younger children possess phones for all the reasons I have listed above. Bullying via text messages is becoming a substantial problem, big enough for many schools to start to ban mobile phones. This leads us onto the next disadvantage. Many schools have banned phones completely. My school still allows us to have phones in school however were not allowed to use them or get them out during the day. We can turn them on at the end of the school but not otherwise. If a teacher sees them they confiscate them. This is a real pain because a parent needs to come in and collect it. A wider problem is security. If you have a phone apparently some hackers can hack onto phones, steal personal information and stuff. Also having a phone makes you a target to thieves and muggers. They will just whip your phone anytime. It has now been made harder for thieves as you can block the SIM card and make it un-useable. However if you take out the blocked SIM, and put in another the handset will still work perfectly. This still makes stealing a phone worth it. What companies need to develop is a way of blocking the handset too. If I lived and the mobile phone wasnt around today I wouldnt be able to keep in touch with my friends as easily or arrange to meet up with them. My parents would feel less comfortable with me going out so I would have less freedom and if I got into trouble I couldnt ring for help. The mobile is so convienient that many people would have to change too. So although there seem to be more disadvantages than advantages I still find a mobile the most useful piece of IT I use, secondary only to the computer. This is simply because it gives me the freedom I want in more than one way. The freedom to go out without my parents worrying and the freedom to walk around with one little device in my pocket.

The Destructors :: Literary Analysis, Graham Greene

The gang members in Graham Greene’s â€Å"The Destructors† are catastrophic young children and teenagers who are unfortunately being greatly affected by their surroundings. Placed in wartime London, their town is in rubble from bombings. Peer pressure is no help when a destructive surrounding and vulnerable ages are strongly influencing the instinctive human behavior of the members, which causes many of their horrific actions. The characters of Greene’s short story are different in their own way. Mike is a childish young boy â€Å"at the age of nine [who] was surprised by everything† (50). Trevor, better known as T, comes off to be one of the nicer and more hushed boys in ‘the gang’. â€Å"†¦there were possibilities about his brooding silence that all recognised† (50). Blackie was the gang member who worried that T. was too classy for the gang. â€Å"†¦he was anxious to retain T. in the gang if he could. It was the word ‘beautiful’ that worried him- that belonged to a class world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (53). However, as the story progresses it comes to be known that Blackie has taken T to be something he is not. The gang meeting â€Å"every morning in an impromptu car-park, the site of the last bomb of the first blitz† has a great impact on their actions. The destruction of the town around them leads T to propose the destruction of a neighboring house which belonged to a man known as Old Misery. Blackie begins to appear to be the more civil of the two boys when he argues against T’s proposition saying â€Å"We’d go to jug† and â€Å"We wouldn’t have time† (53). Greene even writes â€Å"Blackie said uneasily, ‘It’s proposed that tomorrow and Monday we destroy Old Misery’s house’† (53). When the gang votes to follow through with the destruction, Blackie even contemplates giving up his leadership. â€Å"He thought of going home, of never returning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (54). However, he gave into the pressure of wanting to belong to this gang and hold onto his leadership. After all, he had nowhere else to go. â€Å"Driven by the pure, simple and altruistic ambition of fame for the gang, Blackie came back to where T. stood in the shadow of Misery’s wall† (54). Not only does the rubble influence the children to act out, but it also desensitizes them, along with the residents of the town. This is shown very clearly when T. replies â€Å"Of course I don’t hate him†¦ there’d be no fun if I hated him†¦ all this hate and love†¦ it’s soft, it’s hooey.

How Stalin Became a Leader of Russia

How and why did Stalin win to be the leader of Russia? Stalin's manipulative personality Joseph Stalin was known to have a manipulative personality. He was persuasive, educated, determined however also arrogant (due to his role as General Sectary). Also Lenin is rude as Lenin said in his testament â€Å"Stalin is too rude†. After Lenin died during the struggle for power Stalin was reasonably quiet at the beginning. This makes him sly and sneaky because we get the impression he is up to no good. Stalin also lied about the date of Lenin's funeral to Trotsky.This meant that Trotsky didn't ttend the funeral which made Trotsky look really bad and disrespectful. Lying about the funeral date makes Stalin look cunning and his personality doesn't seem like a nice person. However these factors aided him to become future leader of Russia. Stalin's choices of policies (NEP and socialism in one country) During the beginning of the struggle for power after Lenin died Stalin formed an allian ce with Zinoviev and Kamenev in 1923, this was purely to keep Trotsky out of power.However in early 1925 Zinoviev and Kamenev split from Stalin, he Joined with Bukharin instead because Stalin said he was in favour of NEP. Zinoviev and Kamenev were removed from the party because they were against NEP. However in 1928 Stalin ended his alliance with Bukharin and rejected NEP; he had more communist ideas which appealed to young communist followers which helped him win the vote in 1929 which meant he won and became the leader of Russia.During the beginning of the struggle for power he was neither left not right wing (of communist ideas, all members of communism were left wing) – Stalin stayed in the middle. By doing this he didn't seem like a threat to anyone as he slowly crept up to have power. Stalin's use of General Sectary Stalin being General Sectary he was able to promote his followers but also demote and even fire people who opposed him. In my opinion without his General Se ctary post many of his rivals who were in the power struggle wouldVe defeated Stalin early on.He allied himself with whoever seemed strongest at that point and because he was General Sectary he had authority to spy on people using secret police and another murder not Just the person who had opposed him, but also their whole family. Lenin almost predicted that Stalin's role of General Sectary is a bad thing because he has too much power â€Å"Stalin has unlimited authority concentrated in his ands† Also as he was General Sectary this made him popular with the communist followers because he had a big role in the communist party.Stalin's use of Lenin's legacy Betore Lenin died ne nad written a testament about Stalin, Trotsky, Bukharin, Zinoviev and Kamenev. In the testament Lenin hadn't said any good things about Stalin. Lenin said negative things such as â€Å"l am not sure whether Stalin will always be capable of using that authority with sufficient caution† and as seen in future events Stalin didn't use his role of General Sectary properly, he used it to promote his followers and fire his opponents. He also used it as an excuse to murder which isn't acceptable. l suggest the comrades think about a way of removing Stalin from that post and appointing another man in his stead being more tolerant, more loyal, more polite, and more considerate to the comrades† Lenin suggested that Stalin should be removed from his General Sectary post, if he was he may have not become leader of Russia at all? However Stalin kept his post as General Sectary. All of the members of the communist party decided to keep Lenin's testament a secret because Lenin had said bad things about all of them so it would be a better idea not to tell the public.At Lenin's funeral Stalin spoke about Lenin which is strange, because Lenin and Stalin never got along. Stalin had an argument with Lenin's wife before Lenin had died. Because Stalin had spoken at Lenin's funeral this make s people respect Stalin more, and he gained more popularity. Stalin's opponent's weaknesses TROTSKY In Lenin's testament Lenin described Trotsky with outstanding ability, very able and intelligent. However he was very arrogant and there was an element of mistrust. Trotsky decided to stay on his own during 1923-24 which also made him weaker.He ecame an enemy of Stalin and Stalin lied to him about the date of Lenin's funeral which then meant Trotsky was unable to turn up which made him very unpopular. He was also very ill which meant that he missed important meetings. BUKHARIN Lenin described Bukharin as very popular and likeable. However he wasn't fully communist and his commitment must be questioned. During 1923-24 Bukharin was in the right wing (of communist ideas) but he didn't play a big role in the struggle for power. However he teamed up with Stalin during 1925. Bukharin became an enemy of Stalin in 1928 and delayed Bukharin's plane so he missed an important meeting.However he was still considered the favourite of the party until he arranged a secret meeting with Zinoviev and Kamenev, Stalin found out and told everyone so Bukharin became unpopular because people couldn't trust him which weakened him greatly. ZINOVIEV AND KAMENEV Zinoviev and Kamenev were described as too cautious because they didn't play a big role in the October revolution. This means that their commitment must be questioned. They allied with Stalin very early on in 1923 however they ended their alliance with Stalin at the end of 1924 because they no longer wanted NEP and ntended to become more industrialised.However they became unpopular because they challenged Bukharin's authority in 1927 (this is when Stalin and Bukharin were together). A vote proved this which made them weaker. They were never re-elected after that vote and feared Stalin and Bukharin more than Trotsky. However they made an alliance with Trotsky and were in favour of left wing communism (world revolution). Because of this the three of them were expelled from the party. This weakened them the most, they were re-admitted after they publicly apologised but Stalin only used Zinoviev and Kamenev for their tactics.

Backup of Order Joseph Campbell Order

Joseph Campbell is an influential American writer of mythology and Comparative religion. He gained his worldwide fame with his books such as â€Å"The man with a thousand faces. † Written in (1948), which explored the archetype of the typical hero, â€Å"The Masks of God. † Written in (1959-1968) which was an examination of the complex mythological heritage as well as its implications for modern humanity. â€Å"Historical Atlas of world Mythology†(1989) his multi-volume novel which is in the early stages of human culture. His multiple theories were popular with the Public Broadcasting System series of television interviews with Bill Moyers.The interview was also published as a book, that became Joseph Campbell’s bestseller. He was born in New York City, to Charles and Josephine Campbell. As a child his father, Charles took him to the Buffalo’s Bill’s Wild West Show, and to The Museum of Natural History. At the age of twelve, Joseph read Ameri can Indian Folklore. In the Pocono Mountains in 1917, he met Elmer Gregor a writer about American Indians. Elmer Gregor, could communicate with Indian sign language becoming Joseph Campbell’s mentor and â€Å"guru. † Joseph Campbell found his interest in Mythology in College while working on his master’s degree.He received his M. A. in English and comparative English in 1927. He returned to Europe to study in Arthurian romances as a postgraduate at the universities of Munich and Paris. He discovered the many themes of the Arthurian tales seemed similar to the American Indian folklore. This work inspired him to study the authors Thomas Mann and James Joyce. These writers he regarded as a guide for their own interpretation of mythical material. Joseph Campbell was also inspired by the Order#31469486 Joseph Campbell Pg. 2 works of Jung. Joseph Campbell returned to the United States only to retire for fiveyears at his home at Woodstock, New York, as well as Carmel, California. There he worked on putting together a guide of perceived myths such as the â€Å"The pictorial vocabulary of communication from the source zones of our energies to the rational consciouness. † He began teaching, in 1934, at Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville, New York. He remained teaching at Sarah Lawrence for thirty-eight years. Joseph Campbell married in 1938, to Jean Erdman, who was one of his early students. Joseph Campbell was a guest lecturer at the Foreign Service Institution, from 1956 to 1973.He received the award of the National Arts Club of honor for literature. In 1987, he was elected to the Academy of Arts and letters. Joseph Campbell is mostly known for his book â€Å"The Power of Myth† which was first a popular PBS television program in 1985 and 1986. It was created at film directors George Lucas’ Ranch. His concept of the hero’s journey was the inspiration for George Lucas’ â€Å"Star Wars Trilogy. † In October , 31, 1987, Campbell died at the age of eighty-three after a brief illness. He lived in Hawaii, Honolulu. Joseph Campbell began his inspirational writing career likeany other writer, as a literary critic. He co-wrote â€Å"The skeleton key to Finnegan’s Wake. † (1944). The book is a study of James Joyce’s novel â€Å"Finnegan’s Wake. † Campbell directed his attentions to the myths of all the religions examined in the terms of Jung concept of collective consciousness. His study popularized the important key discoveries and psychology of the Jungian teachings. Campbell argued that these worlds mythologies Order#31469486 Joseph Campbell Pg. 3 Ritual traditions, folk traditions, and the major religions all share symbolic themes, motifs and the patterns of behavior.His many theories inspired many writers such as Penitti Saarikoski, the Finnish Poet who penned the Tiarnia series. The Hero with a thousand faces written in (1948), is Joseph Campbellâ€℠¢s most inspirational work. It is a study of his theories of the journey of the Archetypical hero found in religion and mythology. Since its publication in (1948), it has consciously inspired many writers and artists worldwide. The best known is the writer George Lucas, of Star Wars fame. George Lucas has acknowledged a great debt to Joseph Campbell for his worldwide fame. The insight of the novel is the myths worldwide havesurvived for thousands of years, and all share a basic structure which is called monomyths. This basic structure includes stages such as: 1. A call to adventure- In which the hero is called to fight for a greater good which he can decline or accept. 2. A road of trials-, which determines if the hero succeeds, or fail in his adventure. 3. Achieving the goal- Resulting in the hero’s gaining self-knowledge during the adventure. 4. A return to the ordinary world- in which the hero will succeed or fail his journey. 5. The application of the boon- In which we fi nd what the hero has gained to improve The world.These are classic examples of the monomyth as told by Joseph Campbell and several scholars such as Buddha, Moses, and Christ. Campbell also examines the basic structure of several other classic myths from other cultures. The book is Joseph Campbell offering several discussions of the hero’s journey using Freudian Order#31469486 Joseph Campbell Pg. 4 ideas, which were popular in 1940s and 1950s. He realized that the monomyth is not tied to the Freudian concepts. Joseph Campbell utilizes a mix of Jungian myth archetypes, unconscious forces, and Arnold Van Gennep’s. Arnold Van Gennep structures of the Rites of Passage providesome lucidity. However, the pattern of the hero’s journey inspires several writers, artists as well as intellectuals while suggesting a fundamental usefulness of Campbell’s examinations. It is often known as Joseph Campbell’s best work selling nearly million copies in various editio ns. In Myths to live by written in (1972) Joseph Campbell suggests that old myths should be replaced by new myths by drawing from the symbols in modern technology. It is a collection of essays by Joseph Campbell in 1958 to 1971. The basic theme is the power of the myth in the inner, spiritual lives of the human beings throughthe ages. It goes through the process of myth through the primitive past to the immediate present and returns to the source of it all possible myth- the creative mind. He examines the borders dividing the Earth and explains that they are shattered. He believes that the myth as well as many religions follows basic structured archetypes and are no longer exclusive to one person, region or religion. Joseph Campbell explains in his book that people must recognize their own common denominators and allow the knowledge to fulfill their human potential. The Power of Myth (1988) first began as a PBS documentarySeries comprising of six one-hour conversations between Josep h Campbell and journalist Bill Moyers. The interviews between these men were conducted at George Lucas’ Ranch Order#31469486 Joseph Campbell Pg. 5 in the last summer of Campbell life. Both men discussed their ideas about comparative mythology and the role of myth in growing society. Episode one entitled â€Å"The hero’s journey†discusses Campbell and his hero types and deeds, Jesus Christ, the Buddha, Star Wars as a metaphor. The men also discussed the Iroquois story, the refusal of suitors, dragons, dreams, and the Jungian psychology concept, â€Å"The follow your bliss† concept,and spirituality vs. economics. Episode 2 entitled â€Å"The message of the myth. † The creation of myths, God vs. Nature, sin, morality, the Gospel of Thomas, Old time religion, computers, religion as â€Å"software,† the story of Indra, participation in society, transcending duality, and pairs of opposites. Episode 3 â€Å"The first storytellers† consists o f animal memories, harmonizing with your body and life cycle, consciousness vs. its vehicle, the killing for food, crime increasing, and the Shaman as the center of the world. Episode 4 â€Å"Sacrifice and bliss† consists of the sacred Earth,agricultural renewal, human sacrifice, the sacrifice of the masses, transcendence of death, social dictates vs. following bliss, guiding hands. Episode 5 â€Å"Love and Goddess† consist of Joseph Campbell and Bill Moyers discussing the troubadours, Eros, romantic love, Tristan, libido vs. credo, separation of love, Satan, your loving enemy, the Crucifixion as an atonement, the Goddess, the myth of the Earth mother, the virgin birth, the Big Bang, and the story of Isis, Osiris, and Horus. Episode 6 â€Å"The masks of Eternity† Both men discuss and identify Order#31469486 Joseph Campbell Pg. 6with the infinite, the circle as a symbol, clowns, masks, epiphanies, James Joyce, the sublime vs. the monstrous and the dance of Shiva. The companion book for The Power of myth series was also released in 1988. Joseph Campbell was the prime mover of the publication of the book as well as Jacqueline Kennedy. The book follows similar format of the PBS documentary providing further study and discussions. A Skeleton Key to Finnegan’s Wake written in (1944) Joseph Campbell and Henry Morton Robinson both worked on this literary criticism. It provides a great in depth analysis of James Joyce’s final novel Finnegan’s Wake. This book isconsidered by most scholars as the source of importance in studying James Joyce’s work. Campbell’s term Monomyth describes the hero’s journey in Finnegan’s Wake. The key to Finnegan’s Wake is the first book about Joyce’s Finnegan’s Wake. The book begins with an introduction by Joseph Campbell followed next with a brief synopsis of Finnegan’s Wake. The book deconstructs Joyce’s novel page by page. It strips the text of its unknown concepts while supplying possible interpretations through footnotes and referenced commentary. This way Campbell and Robinson attempt to re-tell the Wake in order to understand the book better.The technique is helpful, however renders Joyce’s scintillating writing as flat and dry. Several of Joyce’s meanings are sourly overlooked by Campbell and Robinson and have overturned by intensive study. Both men study the text in a mythopoetic angle in a refreshing way stating insights that has never been bested by anyone else. The book was published five years before he wrote his best-known book Order#31469486 Joseph Campbell Pg. 7 â€Å"Hero with a thousand faces. † Joseph Campbell has had his share of controversy in his life with people accusing him of anti-Semitism. His blunt criticism of certain various organizedreligions were the cause to which Joseph Campbell replied was his job as a mythologist. Scholars disagreed with the accusations of anti- Semitism believing the accusations to be unsupported by any evidence. Stephen Larsen and Robin Larsen fought the accusations by stating that Joseph Campbell would not be a part of any organization that would support racial or social supremacy. Joseph Campbell’s influence in Cinema, are well known. He has influenced many filmmakers, writers, and artists in all genre’s such as Science fiction westerns, and literature. They each use the mythology of the hero’s journey telling usabout the values we must face in our life. -Works Cited- The Hero with a thousands faces: Commemorative Edition by Joseph Campbell Bollingen; Cmv edition (February 17, 2004) The Power of Myth by Joseph Campbell with Bill Moyers; Anchor; reissue edition 1988. www. kirjasto. sci. fi/campb. htm; Joseph Campbell- Books and Writers (1904-1987) www. biblo. com/authors/629/Joseph_Campbell_biography. html- Book search and marketplace, Joseph Campbell biography and list of works. www. themodernworld. com/Joyce/joyce_crit_3. html- James Joyce-Finnegan’s Wake. Joyce Criticism-The modern world.

Aileen Hernandez - Feminist Civil Rights Activist

Aileen Hernandez - Feminist Civil Rights Activist Aileen Hernandez was a lifelong activist for civil rights and women’s rights. She was one of the founding officers of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966. Dates:  May 23, 1926 – February 13, 2017 Personal Roots Aileen Clarke Hernandez, whose parents were Jamaican, was raised in Brooklyn, New York. Her mother, Ethel Louise Hall Clarke, was a homemaker who worked as a seamstress and traded domestic work for physicians services. Her father, Charles Henry Clarke Sr., was a brushmaker. School experiences taught her that she was supposed to be nice and submissive, and she early determined not to submit. Aileen Clarke studied political science and sociology at Howard University in Washington D.C., graduating in 1947. It was there she began to work as an activist to fight against racism and sexism, working with the NAACP and in politics. She later moved to California and received a master’s degree from California State University at Los Angeles. She has traveled widely in the course of her work for human rights and liberty. Equal Opportunities During the 1960s, Aileen Hernandez was the only woman appointed by President Lyndon Johnson to the government’s Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). She resigned from the EEOC because of frustration with the agency’s inability or refusal to actually enforce laws against sex discrimination. She started her own consulting firm, which works with government, corporate, and nonprofit organizations. Working with NOW While womens equality was getting more government attention, activists discussed the need for a private women’s rights organization. In 1966, a group of pioneering feminists founded NOW. Aileen Hernandez was elected NOW’s first Executive Vice-President. In 1970, she became the second national president of NOW, after Betty Friedan. While Aileen Hernandez led the organization, NOW worked on behalf of women in the workplace to gain equal pay and better handling of discrimination complaints. NOW activists demonstrated in several states, threatened to sue the U.S. Secretary of Labor and organized the Women’s Strike for Equality. When the president of NOW endorsed a candidate slate in 1979 which did not include any people of color in major positions, Hernandez broke with the organization, writing an open letter to feminists to express her critique of the organization for putting such priority on issues like the Equal Rights Amendment that issues of race and class were ignored. I have become increasingly distressed by the growing alienation of minority women who have joined feminist organizations like NOW. They are truly the women in the middle, isolated within their minority communities because of their espousal of the feminist cause and isolated in the feminist movement because they insist on attention to issues which impact heavily on minorities. Other Organizations Aileen Hernandez was  a leader on multiple political issues, including housing, the environment, labor, education and  health care. She co-founded Black Women Organized for Action in 1973. She has also worked with Black Women Stirring the Waters,  the California Women’s Agenda, the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union and the California Division of Fair Employment Practices.  Ã‚   Aileen Hernandez won multiple awards for her humanitarian efforts. In 2005, she was part of a group of 1,000 women nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. Hernandez died in February 2017.

He Cold War division of the two Koreas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

He Cold War division of the two Koreas - Essay Example Socially the division was so adverse that Korea was literally split. After this further influences like political interference from Soviet Union, after the UN had agreed to oversee the election in both frontiers. Today in DPRK communism is highly upheld by the North so that the mode of leadership revolves around a class of individuals. This is fundamental in view of global governance, Ideals and perceptions in economic and political pillars (Stefano, 15). With actions such as DPRK, a meeting was convened but Soviet Union boycotted making a consensus reached in support of the South. As a result, today the north is pointed out rejoicing in her massive and large defense system. Their concerns of the military department are highly funded by her sympathizers (Stefano, 15-18). On a global scale, the war led to militarization which has been shown greatly by the US in her invasion into the Asian continent. To date, there is a heavy military presence of the US in Asia; this has influenced political and economic standing of such regions (Stefano,

Corporate Social Responsibility and Areas of Impact Assignment

Corporate Social Responsibility and Areas of Impact - Assignment Example It respects cultural differences and finds the business opportunities in building the skills of employees, the community and the government".  Other definitions from the same report define CSR as the â€Å"business of giving back to society† In the United States, CSR has been defined more in terms of a philanthropic model in that companies are free to make profits by any means available then donate a certain share of the profits to charitable causes. For the company to receive any benefit from the giving is seen as tainting the act. Interestingly enough the European model is much more focused on operating the core business in a socially responsible way, complemented by investment in communities for solid business case reasons. Social responsibility becomes an integral part of the wealth creation process - which if managed properly should enhance the competitiveness of business and maximize the value of wealth creation to society. For instance, the CSR definition used in the by Business for Social Responsibility is: "Operating a business in a manner that meets or exceeds the ethical, legal, commercial and public expectations that society has of business. On the other hand, the European Commission hedges its bets with two definitions wrapped into one:  "A concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better society and a cleaner environment. A concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary. When you review each of these, they broadly agree that the definition now focuses on the impact of how you manage your core business. Some go further than others in prescribing how far companies go beyond managing their own impact into the terrain of acting specifically outside of that focus to make a contribution to the achievement of broader societal goals. It is a key difference when many business leaders feel that  their companies are ill-equipped to pursue broader societal goals, and activists argue that companies have no democratic legitimacy to take such roles.